Psyche-Logia: Logical Fallacies

A Guide to Common Fallacies

Moving the Goal Posts Fallacy
The Fallacy Fallacy
The Texas Sharpshooter Fallacy
The Strawman Fallacy
The Ad Hominem Fallacy
The Black and White Fallacy
The Authority Fallacy
The "No True Scotsman" Fallacy

Post Hoc Ergo Propter Hoc
Ad Hominem
Ad Populum
Ad Verecundiam (Appeal to Authority)
Ad Baculum

Apology

(n.)

early 15c., "defense, justification," from Late Latin apologia, from Greek apologia "a speech in defense," from apologeisthai "to speak in one's defense," from apologos "an account, story," from apo- "from, off" (see apo-) + logos "speech" (see lecture (n.)).

The original English sense of "self-justification" yielded a meaning "frank expression of regret for wrong done," first recorded 1590s, but this was not the main sense until 18c. The old sense tends to emerge in Latin form apologia (first attested in English 1784), especially since J.H. Newman's "Apologia pro Vita Sua" (1864).

Online Etymology Dictionary

On the University

“If then a practical end must be assigned to a University course, I say it is that of training good members of society... It is the education which gives a man a clear, conscious view of their own opinions and judgements, a truth in developing them, an eloquence in expressing them, and a force in urging them. It teaches him to see things as they are, to go right to the point, to disentangle a skein of thought to detect what is sophistical and to discard what is irrelevant.”

― John Henry Newman, The Idea of a University

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Logical Fallacies